Solar System Missions Update 08/2016

Here's my map of all active and future Solar System Missions as of August 1st 2016.

We'll see plenty of action in the second half of this year: Juno at Jupiter will see its first perijove in August, and begin the science mission in November. Meanwhile, in September OSIRIS REx will launch and Rosetta will end its mission with a comet touchdown, and in October ExoMars will reach Mars and Schiaparelli will land on it. Finally, Cassini will begin its orbits through Saturn's ring plane in November as the beginning of its grand finale.

A Different Kind of Messier Marathon

The D3-Celstial interactive skymap now has a complete set of animated transitions, with zoom, rotation and projection change all going smoothly, as well as a way to automatize them (see documentation at the GitHub repository. To celebrate, here I present the Great Messier Show, showing all 110 Messier objects in order. Or select the ones you want to see with the select-box below. This automatically stops the animation after the current move finishes, so you may have to wait a bit. Stopping/starting can also be done manually with the button on the left. Finally, the checkbox "show object names" is pretty self-explanatory, I think.

Data for each object: Messier designation, NGC designation (if any), proper name (if any), object type, classification - For globular clusters: Shapley–Sawyer classification, open clusters: Trumpler classification, planetary nebulae: Vorontsov-Velyaminov classification, galaxies: Galaxy morphology classification and activity class. Finally apparent visual magnitude and apparent dimensions in arcminutes.

Image sources:
NASA/ESA/STScI (M1, 2, 5, 9, 10, 12, 15, 22, 32, 46, 51, 53, 55, 56, 57, 60, 68, 69, 70, 71, 75, 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86, 89, 94, 102, 106, 110) Public Domain
2MASS (M3, 14, 19, 28, 30, 34, 36, 40, 41, 44, 49, 73, 105, 108, 109) Public Domain
ESO (M4, 7, 8, 11, 16, 17, 20, 27, 33, 42, 43, 47, 62, 77, 78, 82, 83, 95, 96, 97, 100, 101, 107) CC BY 4.0
DSS2/AAO/ROE (M6, 18, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 35, 38, 39, 45, 48, 50, 52, 59, 67, 93, 103) Public Domain
Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona (M13, 29, 37, 58, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66, 74, 76, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 99, 104) CC BY 3.0
Adam Evans (M31) CC BY 2.0
Astrofotografía (M98) CC BY-SA 2.5

Check out the documentation or fork/download the D3-Celestial source in the GitHub repository.

Solar System Exploration: All About Jupiter

The interactive Solar System Exploration History timeline is now at version 1.4.1, with mostly data updates. Meanwhile, for obvious reasons, here is all the data about the Jupiter system from the app on one page. First an overview of the whole system on a logarithmic scale with all moons, groups of moons and rings ordered by mean distance and inclination, as well as every spacecraft flyby or orbit insertion so far, marked at the point of closest approach or OI-periapsis for orbiters. The location for Juno is approximate. Below is a table of statistics for all Jupiter missions so far. See further down for all the data about Jupiter's moons and rings

♃ Jupiter

Discovery (Prehistoric) Rot. Period 9.925 h Mass 1.896×1027 kg Temp. ~165 K Irradiance 50.5 W/m3 Period 11.863 a Axial Tilt 3.12° Dens. 1.327 g/cm3 Grav. 2.530 g Albedo 0.52 Orbit 5.203 AU × 0.0484 × 1.304° Diameter 142,984 km/0.06487 Composition H + He + Rock; Core: 17% Atmosphere H2: 89.8% + He: 10.2% (>>1000 bar) Mag. Field 4.28 Gauss; Tilt:9.6°

Mission stats

	Success (Partial)	Failure (Launch)	Ongoing	Planned	All
Flyby	7 (0)	0 (0)	0	0	7
Orbiter	1 (0)	0 (0)	1	2	4
Descent Probe	1 (0)	0 (0)	0	0	1
Ganymede Orbiter	0 (0)	0 (0)	0	1	1
All*	8 (0)	0 (0)	1	2	11

Jupiter Moons

Name	Orbit (a×e×i)	Period	Diameter
XVI Metis	128,000 km × 0.0012 × 0.019°	0.295 d	60 × 40 × 34 km
Mass 1.196×10 17 kg Temp. ~124 K Rot. Period Sync. Axial Tilt 0° Albedo 0.06 Discovery Voyager, 1980 Group Inner
XV Adrastea	129,000 km × 0.0018 × 0.054°	0.298 d	20 × 16 × 14 km
Mass 7.394×10 15 kg Temp. ~124 K Rot. Period Sync. Axial Tilt 0° Albedo 0.1: Discovery Voyager, 1979 Group Inner
V Amalthea	181,400 km × 0.0032 × 0.380°	0.4982 d	250 × 146 × 128 km
Mass 2.086×10 18 kg Grav. 0.002 g Temp. ?..120..165 K Dens. 0.857 g/cm 3 Rot. Period Sync. Axial Tilt 0° Albedo 0.09 Discovery E.E. Barnard, 1892 Group Inner
XIV Thebe	221,900 km × 0.0176 × 1.080°	0.575 d	116 × 98 × 84 km
Mass 1.496×10 18 kg Grav. 0.004 g Temp. ~124 K Dens. 0.86 g/cm 3 Rot. Period Sync. Axial Tilt 0° Albedo 0.05 Discovery Voyager, 1980 Group Inner
I Io	421,800 km × 0.0041 × 0.036°	1.7691 d	3660 × 3638 × 3632 km
Mass 8.919×10 22 kg Grav. 0.183 g Temp. 90..110..130 K Dens. 3.53 g/cm 3 Rot. Period Sync. Axial Tilt 0° Albedo 0.62 Discovery G. Galilei, 1610 Group Galilean Composition Rock + Metal; Core: 45% Atmosphere SO2: 90% + SO + NaCl (0.3..3×10 -9 bar)
II Europa	671,100 km × 0.0094 × 0.466°	3.5512 d	2126 × 3120 × 3118 km
Mass 4.793×10 22 kg Grav. 0.134 g Temp. 50..102..125 K Dens. 3.01 g/cm 3 Rot. Period Sync. Axial Tilt 0.016° Albedo 0.68 Discovery G. Galilei, 1610 Group Galilean Composition Ice + Rock + Metal; Core: 36% Atmosphere O2: ~99% (1×10 -12 bar)
III Ganymede	1,070,400 km × 0.0013 × 0.177°	7.1546 d	5,264.4 km/0
Mass 1.48×10 23 kg Grav. 0.146 g Temp. 70..110..152 K Dens. 1.94 g/cm 3 Rot. Period Sync. Axial Tilt 0.068° Albedo 0.44 Discovery G. Galilei, 1610 Group Galilean Composition Ice + Rock + Metal; Core: 28% Atmosphere O2: ~99% (1×10 -11 bar) Mag. Field 7.19×10 -3 Gauss; Tilt:176°
IV Callisto	1,882,700 km × 0.0074 × 0.192°	16.6890 d	4,818.6 km/0
Mass 1.074×10 23 kg Grav. 0.126 g Temp. 80..134..165 K Dens. 1.83 g/cm 3 Rot. Period Sync. Axial Tilt 0.356° Albedo 0.19 Discovery G. Galilei, 1610 Group Galilean Composition Ice + Rock + Metal Atmosphere O2: 98% + CO2: 2% (2.6×10 -11 bar)
XVIII Themisto	7,507,000 km × 0.2424 × 43.068°	130.02 d	4 km:
Alt. Name S/2000 J1 Temp. ~124 K Albedo 0.06: Discovery C.T. Kowal et al., 1975 Group Themisto (P)
XIII Leda	11,165,000 km × 0.1636 × 27.457°	240.92 d	10 km:
Mass 1.092×10 16 kg Temp. ~124 K Axial Tilt 2.788° Albedo 0.04: Discovery C.T. Kowal, 1974 Group Himalia (P)
VI Himalia	11,461,000 km × 0.1623 × 27.496°	250.56 d	170 km
Mass 4.171×10 18 kg Grav. 0.006 g Temp. ~124 K Dens. 1.63 g/cm 3 Rot. Period 7.782 h Axial Tilt 4.269° Albedo 0.03 Discovery C.D. Perrine, 1904 Group Himalia (P)
X Lysithea	11,717,000 km × 0.1124 × 28.302°	259.20 d	24 km:
Mass 6.276×10 16 kg Temp. ~124 K Rot. Period 0.533 d Axial Tilt 2.953° Albedo 0.04: Discovery S.B. Nicholson, 1938 Group Himalia (P)
VII Elara	11,741,000 km × 0.2174 × 26.627°	259.64 d	80 km
Mass 8.684×10 17 kg Temp. ~124 K Axial Tilt 4.282° Albedo 0.03 Discovery C.D. Perrine, 1905 Group Himalia (P)
S/2000 J11	12,200,000 km × 0.210 × 28.2°	274.4 d	4 km:
Discovery S.S. Shepard et al., 2000 Group Himalia (P)
XLVI Carpo	17,078,000 km × 0.4436 × 51.157°	456.25 d	3 km:
Alt. Name S/2003 J20 Albedo 0.04: Discovery S.S. Sheppard, 2003 Group Carpo (P)
S/2003 J12	17,835,000 km × 0.4884 × 150.827°	-489.66 d	2 km:
Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2003
XXXIV Euporie	19,339,000 km × 0.1440 × 145.499°	-550.69 d	2 km:
Alt. Name S/2001 J10 Albedo 0.06: Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2001 Group Ananke (R)
S/2011 J1	20,155,000 km × 0.296 × 162.8°	-580.7 d	4 km:
Discovery S.S. Sheppard, 2011
S/2003 J3	20,230,000 km × 0.2027 × 147.772°	-583.87 d	4 km:
Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2003 Group Ananke (R)
S/2010 J2	20,307,000 km × 0.307 × 150.4°	-588.1 d	4 km:
Discovery C. Veillet, 2010 Group Ananke (R)
S/2003 J18	20,494,000 km × 0.1016 × 146.007°	-598.11 d	4 km:
Discovery B. Gladman et al., 2003 Group Ananke (R)
S/2003 J16	20,948,000 km × 0.2309 × 148.631°	-616.33 d	4 km:
Discovery B. Gladman et al., 2003 Group Ananke (R)
XL Mneme	21,036,000 km × 0.2271 × 148.630°	-620.06 d	2 km:
Alt. Name S/2003 J21 Albedo 0.04: Discovery B. Gladman, 2003 Group Ananke (R)
XXXIII Euanthe	21,038,000 km × 0.2308 × 148.998°	-620.44 d	3 km:
Alt. Name S/2001 J7 Albedo 0.06: Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2001 Group Ananke (R)
XLV Helike	21,064,000 km × 0.1467 × 154.621°	-626.32 d	4 km:
Alt. Name S/2003 J6 Albedo 0.04: Discovery S.S. Sheppard, 2003 Group Pasiphae (R)
XXII Harpalyke	21,104,000 km × 0.2261 × 148.648°	-623.32 d	3 km:
Alt. Name S/2000 J5 Albedo 0.06: Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2000 Group Ananke (R)
XXVII Praxidike	21,148,000 km × 0.2302 × 148.985°	-625.39 d	5 km:
Alt. Name S/2000 J7 Albedo 0.06: Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2000 Group Ananke (R)
XXXV Orthosie	21,164,000 km × 0.2780 × 145.937°	-622.55 d	2 km:
Alt. Name S/2001 J9 Albedo 0.06: Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2001 Group Ananke (R)
XLII Thelxinoe	21,165,000 km × 0.2194 × 151.335°	-628.10 d	2 km:
Alt. Name S/2003 J22 Albedo 0.04: Discovery S.S. Sheppard, 2003 Group Ananke (R)
XXIX Thyone	21,192,000 km × 0.2377 × 148.819°	-627.19 d	3 km:
Alt. Name S/2001 J2 Albedo 0.06: Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2001 Group Ananke (R)
XXIV Iocaste	21,272,000 km × 0.2151 × 149.436°	-631.60 d	4 km:
Alt. Name S/2000 J3 Albedo 0.06: Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2000 Group Ananke (R)
XII Ananke	21,276,000 km × 0.2435 × 148.889°	-629.77 d	20 km:
Mass 3×10 16 kg Grav. 0.001 g Temp. ~124 K Dens. 2.6: g/cm 3 Rot. Period 0.35 undefined Axial Tilt 4.891° Albedo 0.04: Discovery S.B. Nicholson, 1951 Group Ananke (R)
XXX Hermippe	21,300,000 km × 0.2123 × 150.887°	-633.90 d	4 km:
Alt. Name S/2001 J3 Albedo 0.06: Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2001 Group Ananke (R)
S/2003 J15	22,622,000 km × 0.1868 × 146.405°	-689.77 d	4 km:
Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2003 Group Ananke (R)
S/2003 J10	23,042,000 km × 0.4284 × 165.224°	-716.28 d	4 km:
Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2003 Group Carme (R)
XXXVIII Pasithee	23,090,000 km × 0.2668 × 165.033°	-719.46 d	2 km:
Alt. Name S/2001 J6 Albedo 0.06: Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2001 Group Carme (R)
XXXII Eurydome	23,148,000 km × 0.2758 × 150.206°	-717.34 d	3 km:
Alt. Name S/2001 J4 Albedo 0.06: Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2001 Group Pasiphae (R)
XXI Chaldene	23,179,000 km × 0.2514 × 165.171°	-723.72 d	3 km:
Alt. Name S/2000 J10 Albedo 0.06: Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2000 Group Carme (R)
XXVI Isonoe	23,231,000 km × 0.2465 × 165.252°	-726.23 d	3 km:
Alt. Name S/2000 J6 Albedo 0.06: Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2000 Group Carme (R)
XLIV Kallichore	23,273,000 km × 0.2424 × 165.121°	-728.28 d	2 km:
Alt. Name S/2003 J11 Albedo 0.04: Discovery S.S. Sheppard, 2003 Group Carme (R)
XXV Erinome	23,283,000 km × 0.2656 × 164.921°	-728.46 d	3 km:
Alt. Name S/2000 J4 Albedo 0.06: Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2000 Group Carme (R)
XXXVII Kale	23,302,000 km × 0.2521 × 165.072°	-729.55 d	2 km:
Alt. Name S/2001 J8 Albedo 0.06: Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2001 Group Carme (R)
S/2010 J1	23,314,000 km × 0.324 × 163.2°	-723.2 d	4 km:
Discovery R. Jacobson et al., 2010 Group Pasiphae (R)
XXXI Aitne	23,315,000 km × 0.2655 × 165.058°	-730.10 d	3 km:
Alt. Name S/2001 J11 Albedo 0.06: Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2001 Group Carme (R)
XLVII Eukelade	23,322,000 km × 0.2670 × 165.246°	-730.32 d	4 km:
Alt. Name S/2003 J1 Albedo 0.04: Discovery S.S. Sheppard, 2003 Group Carme (R)
S/2011 J2	23,330,000 km × 0.387 × 151.9°	-726.8 d	4 km:
Rot. Period Sync. Discovery S.S. Sheppard, 2011 Group Pasiphae (R)
XLIII Arche	23,355,000 km × 0.2555 × 164.937°	-731.90 d	3 km:
Alt. Name S/2002-05-06 J1 Albedo 0.04: Discovery S.S. Sheppard, 2003 Group Carme (R)
XX Taygete	23,363,000 km × 0.2518 × 165.241°	-732.41 d	4 km:
Alt. Name S/2000 J9 Albedo 0.06: Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2000 Group Carme (R)
S/2003 J9	23,385,000 km × 0.2641 × 165.155°	-733.31 d	2 km:
Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2003 Group Carme (R)
XI Carme	23,404,000 km × 0.25 × 164.91°	-702.28 d	46 km
Mass 1.3×10 17 kg Grav. 0.0017 g Temp. ~124 K Dens. 2.6: g/cm 3 Albedo 0.04: Discovery S.B. Nicholson, 1938 Group Carme (R)
L Herse	23,405,000 km × 0.2493 × 164.815°	-734.55 d	2 km:
Alt. Name S/2003 J17 Discovery B. Gladman et al., 2003 Group Carme (R)
S/2003 J5	23,493,000 km × 0.2459 × 165.278°	-738.75 d	8 km:
Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2003 Group Carme (R)
S/2003 J19	23,532,000 km × 0.2620 × 165.174°	-740.39 d	4 km:
Discovery B. Gladman et al., 2003 Group Carme (R)
S/2003 J23	23,549,000 km × 0.2702 × 146.267°	-732.47 d	4 km:
Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2003 Group Pasiphae (R)
XXIII Kalyke	23,564,000 km × 0.2464 × 165.181°	-742.06 d	4 km:
Alt. Name S/2000 J2 Albedo 0.06: Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2000 Group Carme (R)
XXXIX Hegemone	23,566,000 km × 0.3439 × 153.977°	-739.85 d	3 km:
Alt. Name S/2003 J8 Albedo 0.04: Discovery S.S. Sheppard, 2003 Group Pasiphae (R)
VIII Pasiphae	23,624,000 km × 0.4090 × 151.431°	-743.63 d	36 km:
Mass 2.996×10 17 kg Temp. ~124 K Axial Tilt 3.835° Albedo 0.04: Discovery P.J. Melotte, 1908 Group Pasiphae (R)
XLVIII Cyllene	23,787,000 km × 0.4175 × 150.202°	-752.01 d	2 km:
Alt. Name S/2003 J13 Albedo 0.04: Discovery S.S. Sheppard, 2003 Group Pasiphae (R)
XXXVI Sponde	23,790,000 km × 0.3132 × 151.153°	-748.31 d	2 km:
Alt. Name S/2001 J5 Albedo 0.06: Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2001 Group Pasiphae (R)
XIX Megaclite	23,808,000 km × 0.4211 × 152.845°	-752.86 d	4 km:
Alt. Name S/2000 J8 Albedo 0.06: Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2000 Group Pasiphae (R)
S/2003 J4	23,928,000 km × 0.3558 × 149.316°	-755.22 d	4 km:
Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2003 Group Pasiphae (R)
IX Sinope	23,939,000 km × 0.2495 × 158.109°	-758.90 d	28 km:
Mass 7.489×10 16 kg Temp. ~124 K Rot. Period 0.548 d Axial Tilt 3.211° Albedo 0.04: Discovery S.B. Nicholson, 1914 Group Pasiphae (R)
XLI Aoede	23,969,000 km × 0.4324 × 158.253°	-761.41 d	4 km:
Alt. Name S/2003 J7 Albedo 0.04: Discovery S.S. Sheppard, 2003 Group Pasiphae (R)
XXVIII Autonoe	24,033,000 km × 0.3166 × 152.284°	-761.00 d	3 km:
Alt. Name S/2001 J1 Albedo 0.06: Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2001 Group Pasiphae (R)
XVII Callirrhoe	24,102,000 km × 0.2829 × 147.155°	758.77 d	7 km:
Alt. Name S/1999 J1 Temp. ~124 K Albedo 0.06: Discovery J.V. Scotti et al., 1999 Group Pasiphae (R)
XLIX Kore	24,486,000 km × 0.3315 × 145.043°	-776.60 d	2 km:
Alt. Name S/2003 J14 Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2003 Group Pasiphae (R)
S/2003 J2	28,332,000 km × 0.4114 × 157.106°	-979.33 d	4 km:
Discovery S.S. Sheppard et al., 2003

Jupiter Rings

Name	Inner Rad.	Width	Thickness	Opt. Depth
Halo Ring (1979 J1R)	92,000 km	30,500 km	12,500 km	3×10 -6:
Composition Dust: 100% Discovery Voyager, 1979
Main Ring (1979 J2R)	122,600 km	6,500 km	30…300 km	5.9×10 -6
Mass 1×10 13 kg Composition Dust: ~25% Albedo 0.015 S. Dens. 5×10 -6 g/cm 2 Discovery Voyager, 1979 Assoc. Moons Metis, Adrastea
Amalthea Gossamer Ring (1979 J3R)	129,000 km	53,000 km	2,600 km	1×10 -7:
Mass 1×10 7…1×10 9 kg Composition Dust: ~100% Discovery Voyager, 1979 Assoc. Moons Amalthea
Thebe Gossamer Ring (1979 J3R)	129,000 km	93,000 km	8,800 km	1×10-7:
Mass 1×10 7…1×10 9 kg Composition Dust: ~100% Discovery Voyager, 1979 Assoc. Moons Thebe
Thebe Extension Ring	222,000 km	58,000 km	8,800 km	1×10 -8:
Composition Dust: ~100% Assoc. Moons Thebe